The bamboo flute is a relatively ancient traditional wind instrument in China. It is made of natural bamboo materials and has a simple structure. Usually, a bamboo tube serves as the body, and a flute diaphragm is attached to it. Sound is produced by the vibration of the flute diaphragm through the airflow. The bamboo flute is mainly composed of the head joint, blowing hole, copper ferrule, membrane hole, finger holes, auxiliary sound holes, fundamental tone holes, and the tail joint, as shown in the following figure:
1. Head Joint
The starting part of the bamboo flute, its shape and material will affect the timbre of the flute and the comfort of playing to a certain extent. The design and manufacturing process of the head joint have an important impact on the performance of the entire bamboo flute.2. Blowing Hole, Membrane Hole, Finger Holes
The blowing hole, membrane hole, and finger holes are the most important parts of the flute, and they play a crucial role in the sound production and pitch control of the bamboo flute. The blowing hole determines the entry of the airflow and the basic sound production. The membrane hole endows the sound with unique characteristics, and the finger holes enable the player to flexibly control the musical scale. These three parts work together, allowing the bamboo flute to play a rich and colorful range of music.3. Copper Ferrule
Some bamboo flutes have a copper ferrule structure, usually located in the middle of the flute body. The function of the copper ferrule is to adjust the length of the bamboo flute, thereby fine-tuning the pitch. It also makes the disassembly and portability of the bamboo flute more convenient. At the same time, the copper ferrule can make the flute more beautiful, increase its weight, and improve the feel when playing the flute.4. Auxiliary Sound Holes, Fundamental Tone Holes
The auxiliary sound holes (sound outlet holes) on the front of the flute can adjust the high notes, playing a role in beautifying the timbre and increasing the volume. The fundamental tone holes on the back of the flute can adjust the low notes, used to adjust and delimit the lowest pitch range of the flute. They can also be used to hang a flute tassel to enhance the aesthetic appeal, but do not use a too thick rope, otherwise, it will make the fundamental tone holes smaller and affect the pitch accuracy of the flute.5. Cow Bones at Both Ends, Binding Wire
The cow bones at both ends can reduce the damage caused by bumps at the two ends of the flute. They also have a certain aesthetic and balancing weight function. The binding wire can reduce the occurrence of the flute cracking problem.
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